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Gum Ammoniac is a natural tree sap. It is commonly used as an adhesive for gilding in calligraphy, as it allows for fine detailing and precise strokes.

To make your own gilding size, cover a few lumps of gum in water and leave to soak overnight. Large pieces can be broken easily, so as to be fully covered by the water. In the morning, stir the resultant milky liquid, and strain. As the size hardens quickly, it is important to wash any nibs or brushes thoroughly and frequently to preserve their condition.

Refined liquid fish glue for use as a size for gilding on paper. It can also be used as a glue for paper and as a binder in gesso for raised illumination. Seccotine is made from the skin of the Atlantic deep sea cod fish. It remains flexible after drying.